NEET & JEE Coaching
Our track record speaks for itself
NEET Selections
JEE Selections
Success Rate
Top 100 Rankers
Comprehensive coverage of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology with detailed explanations and practical applications
Newton's First Law of Motion (Law of Inertia): An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion at constant speed and in a straight line unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
This law introduces the concept of inertia, which is the tendency of an object to resist changes in its state of motion. Inertia depends on the mass of the object: greater mass means greater inertia.
1. Seatbelt Safety: When a car suddenly stops, passengers continue moving forward due to inertia. Seatbelts provide the unbalanced force that stops this motion.
2. Tablecloth Trick: Quickly pulling a tablecloth from under dishes demonstrates inertia - dishes remain in place due to their inertia.
3. Sports: In cricket, a batsman follows through with the bat after hitting the ball to maintain motion through inertia.
If ΣF = 0, then v = constant
Where ΣF = net force, v = velocity
Ohm's Law: The current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points and inversely proportional to the resistance between them.
1. Circuit Design: Engineers use Ohm's law to calculate required resistor values in electronic circuits.
2. Electrical Safety: Understanding voltage-current relationships helps prevent electrical hazards.
3. Power Calculation: Combined with P = VI, it helps calculate power consumption.
If a 12V battery is connected to a 4Ω resistor:
Current (I) = V/R = 12V/4Ω = 3A
Power (P) = V×I = 12V×3A = 36W
Rate of Chemical Reaction: The speed at which reactants are converted into products. It measures the change in concentration of reactants or products per unit time.
1. Average Rate: Total change in concentration over total time
2. Instantaneous Rate: Rate at a specific moment (slope of tangent on concentration-time graph)
3. Initial Rate: Rate at the beginning of the reaction (t=0)
Fast Reactions (seconds): Combustion, explosions, neutralization
Moderate Reactions (minutes-hours): Rusting, cooking, fermentation
Slow Reactions (years): Rock weathering, radioactive decay, aging
Factors Affecting Reaction Rate: Several conditions influence how fast chemical reactions occur, based on collision theory.
1. Food Preservation: Refrigeration slows bacterial growth (temperature effect)
2. Catalytic Converters: Use platinum/palladium to speed up car exhaust reactions
3. Powdered Medicines: Dissolve faster due to increased surface area
pH Scale: A logarithmic scale from 0-14 that measures the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. pH = -log₁₀[H⁺], where [H⁺] is hydrogen ion concentration.
Strong Acids (pH 0-2): Battery acid (0), stomach acid (1.5-3.5), lemon juice (2)
Weak Acids (pH 3-6): Vinegar (3), coffee (5), milk (6.5)
Neutral (pH 7): Pure water, blood (7.35-7.45)
Weak Bases (pH 8-10): Seawater (8), baking soda (9)
Strong Bases (pH 11-14): Ammonia (11), bleach (12.5), lye (13)
1. Biological Systems:
2. Agriculture:
3. Environment:
4. Industry:
Photosynthesis: The process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy, producing oxygen and organic compounds (glucose) from carbon dioxide and water.
1. Light-Dependent Reactions:
2. Light-Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle):
1. Light Intensity: Increases rate up to saturation point
2. CO₂ Concentration: Limiting factor at normal atmospheric levels
3. Temperature: Optimal range 25-35°C for most plants
4. Water Availability: Essential reactant and for maintaining turgor
5. Chlorophyll Content: Affects light absorption capacity
Cellular Respiration: The metabolic process by which cells break down glucose and other organic molecules to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the energy currency of cells, using oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide.
Aerobic Respiration (with oxygen): 36-38 ATP per glucose molecule
Anaerobic Respiration (without oxygen):
| Feature | Photosynthesis | Cellular Respiration |
|---|---|---|
| Function | Energy storage | Energy release |
| Reactants | CO₂ + H₂O + Light | Glucose + O₂ |
| Products | Glucose + O₂ | CO₂ + H₂O + ATP |
| Location | Chloroplasts | Mitochondria |
| Energy | Requires light energy | Releases chemical energy |
High-yield questions with concise answers from previous NEET papers
Mitosis: Produces two identical diploid (2n) daughter cells for growth and repair.
Meiosis: Produces four non-identical haploid (n) gametes for sexual reproduction.
| Feature | Mitosis | Meiosis |
|---|---|---|
| Purpose | Growth & Repair | Gamete formation |
| Chromosome No. | Diploid (2n → 2n) | Haploid (2n → n) |
| Crossing Over | Absent | Present (Prophase I) |
Structure: Double-membraned organelles with inner folds called cristae (increase surface area).
Function: Powerhouse of cell - produces ATP through aerobic respiration.
Extra Points: Contains circular DNA, 70S ribosomes, self-replicating.
Definition: Allele pairs separate during gamete formation.
Key Point: Each gamete receives only one allele of each gene.
Basis: Separation of homologous chromosomes during Anaphase I.
Homologous: Same origin, different functions (Divergent evolution).
Example: Human arm, Whale flipper, Bat wing.
Analogous: Different origin, similar functions (Convergent evolution).
Example: Wings of butterfly and bird.
Primary Role: Sites of protein synthesis (translation).
Types: 70S (prokaryotes & mitochondria) and 80S (eukaryotes).
Process: Read mRNA codons and link amino acids via tRNA.
Site: Grana/thylakoids of chloroplast
Products: ATP, NADPH, O₂ (from photolysis)
Key Events: Photophosphorylation, Water splitting
Enzymes: Biological catalysts (proteins) that lower activation energy
Factors: Temperature, pH, substrate concentration, enzyme concentration
Optimum: Human enzymes - 37°C, pH 7.4
Principle: p² + 2pq + q² = 1 (allele frequencies constant)
Conditions: No mutation, migration, selection, random mating, large population
First fusion: Male gamete + Egg → Zygote (2n)
Second fusion: Male gamete + 2 polar nuclei → Endosperm (3n)
Unique to: Angiosperms only
| Feature | DNA | RNA |
|---|---|---|
| Sugar | Deoxyribose | Ribose |
| Base | A,T,G,C | A,U,G,C |
| Strands | Double | Single |
Ecosystem: Functional unit of nature with biotic and abiotic components
Components:
- Biotic: Producers, consumers, decomposers
- Abiotic: Soil, water, air, minerals
Excretion: Removal of metabolic wastes (urea, CO₂, salts)
Nephron: Structural & functional unit of kidney
Parts: Glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, PCT, Henle's loop, DCT
Hormones: Chemical messengers from endocrine glands
Thyroid hormone (Thyroxine):
- Regulates basal metabolic rate
- Controls growth & development
- Maintains body temperature
Pathway: Nostrils → Pharynx → Larynx → Trachea → Bronchi → Lungs
Gas Exchange: In alveoli (O₂ in, CO₂ out)
Mechanism: Inspiration (active), Expiration (passive)
Biodiversity: Variety of life at genetic, species & ecosystem level
Importance:
- Ecological stability
- Source of medicines
- Nutrient cycling
- Economic value
Oxidation: Loss of electrons/H atoms, gain of oxygen
Reduction: Gain of electrons/H atoms, loss of oxygen
Example: Cellular respiration (glucose oxidized, oxygen reduced)
Mole: 6.022 × 10²³ particles (Avogadro's number)
Application: In stoichiometry of biochemical reactions
Example: 1 mole glucose = 180g, produces 38 moles ATP
Interphase (90%): G₁ (growth), S (DNA synthesis), G₂ (preparation)
M-phase (10%): Mitosis (nuclear division) + Cytokinesis (cytoplasmic division)
Checkpoints: G₁/S, G₂/M, Metaphase checkpoint
Genetic Disorders: Diseases caused by abnormalities in genes/chromosomes
Examples:
- Autosomal: Sickle-cell anemia (recessive), Huntington's (dominant)
- Sex-linked: Hemophilia, Color blindness (X-linked recessive)
- Chromosomal: Down syndrome (Trisomy 21)
Plant Growth Regulators: Natural hormones controlling plant growth
Types:
- Auxins: Cell elongation, apical dominance
- Gibberellins: Stem elongation, seed germination
- Cytokinins: Cell division, delay senescence
- Abscisic acid: Stress hormone, dormancy
- Ethylene: Fruit ripening, senescence
Download our mobile application for on-the-go learning and offline access to study materials
Our comprehensive approach ensures holistic development and academic excellence
Learn from experienced educators with proven track records in NEET and JEE coaching.
Adaptive learning technology that personalizes content based on your progress.
Detailed insights and progress tracking with actionable recommendations.
Curated study materials, practice papers, and mock tests updated regularly.
Tailored coaching programs designed for maximum effectiveness
Medical Entrance Preparation
Comprehensive program targeting medical college admissions through systematic preparation.
Engineering Entrance Preparation
Intensive program for engineering aspirants targeting IITs, NITs, and other top institutions.
Hear from our successful students
NEET AIR 124
IIT Bombay
Take the first step towards your dream career with Bimalism